Safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use in healthy people aged 9-65 years / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To assess the safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use on different immunization procedures in healthy people aged 9-65 years. Methods: A randomized, blind, positive-controlled clinical study was conducted in March 2015. The eligible residents aged 9-65 were recruited in Dengfeng city and Biyang County, Henan Province. A total of 1 956 subjects were enrolled. The subjects were randomly (1∶1∶1) assigned to 5-dose control group, 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group, with 652 subjects in each group. The subjects of 5-dose control group were immunized with control vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. The subjects of 4-dose trial group were immunized with trial vaccine on days 0, 7 and 21 (2-1-1 phases) and the subjects of 5-dose trial group were immunized with trial vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. A combination of regular follow-up and active reporting was used to observe local and systemic adverse reactions till 30 days after the first and full immunization, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions in three groups was analyzed and compared. The venous blood was collected before the first immunization, 7 days after the first immunization, 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization. The neutralizing antibody of rabies virus was detected by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), and the seropositive conversion rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody were calculated. Results: The adverse reaction rates in 5-dose control group, 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group were 41.87% (273/652), 35.43% (231/652) and 34.97% (228/652), respectively. The adverse reaction rates of 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group were lower than those of the 5-dose control group (P<0.05). The local reactions were mainly pain, itching, swelling and redness in injection site, while the systemic reactions were mainly fever, fatigue, headache and muscle pain. The severity of adverse reactions was mainly mild (level 1), accounting for 85.33% (518/607), 89.02% (373/419) and 88.96% (427/480) of the total number of adverse reactions in each group. At 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization, the antibody positive conversion rates of three groups were all 100%. At 7 days, 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization, the GMCs of three groups were 0.60, 0.72, 0.59 IU/ml, 20.42, 23.99, 24.38 IU/ml and 22.95, 23.52, 24.72 IU/ml, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use has good safety and immunogenicity when inoculated according to 5-dose and 4-dose immunization procedures.

A prospective study of the decision tree prediction model for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical value of attention time combined with behavior scale in the screening of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 preschool children with ADHD diagnosed in Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2019 to March 2020 were enrolled as the ADHD group. A total of 200 children who underwent physical examination in the hospital or kindergartens during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Attention time was recorded. Chinese Version of Swanson Nolan and Pelham, Version IV Scale-Parent Form (SNAP-IV) scale was used to evaluate symptoms. With clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the decision tree analysis was used to evaluate the clinical value of attention time combined with behavior scale in the screening of ADHD.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the ADHD group had significantly higher scores of SNAP-IV items 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, and 22 (P<0.05) and a significantly shorter attention time (P<0.05). The variables with statistically significant differences between the two groups in univariate analysis were used as independent variables to establish a decision tree model. The accuracy of the model in predicting ADHD was 81%, that in predicting non-ADHD was 69%, and the overall accuracy was 75%, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.816 (95% CI: 0.774-0.857, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The decision tree model for screening ADHD in preschool children based on attention time and assessment results of behavior scale has a high accuracy and can be used for rapid screening of ADHD among children in clinical practice.

Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine balancing Yin-Yang by targeting ERα/ERβ and its application in treatment of menopausal syndrome / 中国中药杂志

The coordination and unification of Yin and Yang are the basis of normal human life activities. Along with the age growth and aging of the body, women will suffer from menopausal syndrome during menopause. In addition to the significant changes in the genital system, there are also pathological manifestations in estrogen target points including bone, nerve and cardiovascular systems, due to the imbalance of Yin and Yang. Besides the insufficiency of estrogen, the main cause of menopausal syndrome is the changes in the response of target organs to estrogen. In other words, the biological effects mediated by estrogen receptor(ER) alpha and beta subtypes in target cells are often different or even opposite; the changes of expression level and ratio of ERα and ERβ are also important causes for the abnormal estrogenic effects in target organs and the imbalance of Yin and Yang of the body. Therefore, on one hand, the therapeutic mechanism of drugs is ER-mediated estrogenic effect. On the other hand, the drugs have a regulatory effect on ER subtype expression in target cells and Yin-Yang state in target organs and even organisms, so as to cause further changes in the response of target cells to estrogen or estrogenic components, and exert its therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the pharmacological mechanism of gynecological traditional Chinese medicine in harmonizing Yin and Yang in estrogen-positive target cells and the clinical efficacy in the following aspects, including estrogen and its mechanism, the estrogenic effect of ER in traditional Chinese medicine and the mechanism of ER subtype in balancing Yin and Yang and mediating and regulating the main target tissues in menopausal syndrome treatment.

The two-way regulation molecular network mechanism of Taohechengqi decoction in prevention and treatment of stroke based on vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway/tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway / 药学学报

Stroke has been harmful to human health for a long time, and there is no satisfactory treatment strategy because of its complex pathogenesis. Taohechengqi decoction has been effective in the treatment of stroke. In this study, the components were collected by TCMSP, TCMIP, BATMAN-TCM and TCMID databases, the targets were predicted and screened by PharmMapper and BATMAN-TCM databases, and the functional enrichment analysis of the targets was carried out by using R language package clusterProfiler. Finally, the key targets are verified by GEO database and molecular docking. The results showed that 51 active components of Taohechengqi decoction may regulate 15 key targets such as nitric oxide synthase, endothelial (NOS3), prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), affecting vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway and other pathways to play a role in the prevention of stroke, affecting tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and other pathways to play a role in the treatment of stroke. GEO data analysis showed that androgen receptor (AR), caspase-8 (CASP8), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), MMP9, myeloperoxidase (MPO), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), PTGS2 and cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) were up-regulated genes, while serum albumin (ALB), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), NOS3, transcription factor p65 (RELA) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC) were down-regulated genes. GEO analysis explained that Taohechengqi decoction may prevent stroke by down-regulating ESR1, NOS3, and treat stroke by up-regulating ICAM1, IL1B, MAPK14, MMP9, PPARG, PTGS2, TP53, and down-regulating RELA and SRC. The study found that in the process of prevention and treatment of stroke, Taohechengqi decoction played a two-way regulation role through multi-genes and multiple ways, which provided a new strategy for the treatment of stroke.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and hepatitis B virus infection during pregnancy elevates the risks of small for gestational age and low birth weight infants / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the impact of hepatitis B virus infection, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy on the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW), and analyze the interaction effect. Methods The study was conducted from Jan 2017 to Apr 2018 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China. The peripheral blood hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and total bile acids of pregnant women were determined by chemiluminescence method, unconditional Logistic regression models were used to estimate association between hepatitis B virus infection, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and the risk of neonate outcomes. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to normal pregnant women, HBV infection alone or ICP alone during pregnancy did not increase the risk of SGA or LBW. The increased risk of born before term SGA (OR=1.76, 95% CI:1.16-2.65, P=0.007) and LBW infants (OR=1.85, 95%CI:1.44-2.38, P<0.001) were observed in pregnant women with HBV infection and ICP, the additive and multiplicative interaction were also observed for before term SGA ［RERI (95% CI) =6.54(0.14-12.94), AP (95% CI) =0.90%(0.68%-1.13%), S (95% CI)=7.03(1.38-42.64)］ and LBW ［RERI (95% CI) =5.69(0.48-10.90), AP (95% CI) =0.76%(0.55%-0.97%), S (95% CI)=8.02(1.92-33.43)］. Conclusions Our results suggest that pregnancy HBV infection combined with ICP increase the risk of SGA and LBW infants. These two risk factors had a synergistic effect.

Curative effect of progressively integrated sandplay therapy on core symptoms and sleep management in preschool children with mild-to-moderate autism spectrum disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the curative effect of progressively integrated sandplay therapy on core symptoms and sleep management in preschool children with mild-to-moderate autism spectrum disorder (ASD).@*METHODS@#A total of 50 mild-to-moderate ASD preschool children were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=25). The control group was treated with structured teaching and auditory integration training (AIT). Based on these, the experimental group was treated with progressively integrated sandplay therapy. The Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) and emotion recognition tools were used to evaluate the overall curative effect before treatment and 3 months after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The experimental group had significantly lower scores of feeling, social interaction, somatic motor, language factor, total ABC and total CARS than the control group (P<0.05). The experimental group had also significantly lower scores of social cognition, social communication, social motivation, autistic behavior factor and total SRS than the control group (P<0.05). The experimental group had a significantly higher accurate rate of recognition of the upper facial expression and lower facial expression than the control group (P<0.05). The experimental group had significantly lower scores of bedtime resistance, sleep onset, sleep duration, night waking, daytime sleepiness, and total CSHQ than the control group (P<0.05). The experimental group had significantly reduced themes of wounding and significantly increased themes of healing after sandplay therapy (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Progressively integrated sandplay therapy can effectively improve the core symptoms and sleep quality of preschool children with mild-to-moderate ASD, which can be used as an early rehabilitation measure.

Clinical effect of psychological and behavioral intervention combined with biofeedback in the treatment of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect of psychological and behavioral intervention combined with biofeedback in the treatment of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).@*METHODS@#Sixty children each with inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive or combined type ADHD were enrolled. According to the intervention measure, they were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, psychological and behavioral intervention, biofeedback treatment and comprehensive treatment (psychological and behavioral intervention + biofeedback). Attention concentration time and impulse/hyperactivity and hyperactivity index scores of the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) were evaluated after 4 months of treatment.@*RESULTS@#The attention concentration time increased in all types children with ADHD after psychological and behavioral intervention, biofeedback treatment or comprehensive treatment (P<0.05). In children with inattentive ADHD, hyperactive/impulsive ADHD or combined-type ADHD, biofeedback or comprehensive treatment reduced the impulse/hyperactivity index score (P<0.05). In children with inattentive or combined-type ADHD, psychological and behavioral intervention or comprehensive treatment reduced the hyperactivity index score (P<0.05). In children with hyperactive/impulsive ADHD, biofeedback treatment, psychological and behavioral intervention or comprehensive treatment reduced the hyperactivity index score (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In children with ADHD, psychological and behavioral intervention combined with biofeedback treatment can improve the attention concentration and impulsive/hyperactive and hyperactive symptoms. The treatment strategies are slightly different for children with different types of ADHD.

Clinical effect of integrated sandplay therapy in children with Asperger syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect of integrated sandplay therapy in preschool children with Asperger syndrome (AS).@*METHODS@#A total of 44 preschool children with AS were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 22 children in each group. The children in the control group were given routine training, and those in the experimental group were given integrated sandplay therapy in addition to the routine training. The treatment response was assess by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), emotional recognition tools and changes in sandplay theme characteristics after 6 months of treatment.@*RESULTS@#Before intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the total score of SRS, the score of each factor of SRS, and correct rates of facial expression recognition of the upright position, inverted position, upper face and lower face (P>0.05). After 6 months of intervention, both groups had significant reductions in the total score of SRS and the score of each factor of SRS (P<0.01); the control group had significant increases in the correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions except the upright position (P<0.05), while the experimental group had significant increases in the correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions (P<0.05). Compared with the control group after intervention, the experimental group had significantly lower total score of SRS and scores of all factors of SRS except social perception (P<0.01) and significantly higher correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions (P<0.01). The experimental group had a significant change in the number of sandplay theme characteristics after intervention (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Integrated sandplay therapy can improve social responsiveness and emotion recognition ability in preschool children with AS.

Clinical efficacy of interactive group sandplay versus individual sandplay in the treatment of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical efficacy of interactive group sandplay versus individual sandplay in the treatment of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).@*METHODS@#A total of 80 ASD children, aged 4-6 years, were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 40 children in each group. The children in the experimental group joined group sandplay with normal children at a ratio of 1: 3, and those in the control group were treated with individual sandplay. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) were used to evaluate the treatment outcome after three months of intervention.@*RESULTS@#There were 33 children in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. After three months of intervention, the experimental group had significant reductions in the scores of irritability, social withdrawal, and stereotypic behavior and the total score of the ABC scale (P<0.05), and the control group had significant reductions in the scores of behavior and inappropriate speech and the total score of the ABC scale (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in the score of social withdrawal and the total score of the ABC scale after three months of intervention (P<0.05). After three months of intervention, the experimental group had significant reductions in the scores of sociability, sensory and cognitive awareness, and physical/health behavior and the total score of the ATEC scale (P<0.05), and the control group had significant reductions in the scores of speech, sociability, and physical/health behavior and the total score of the ATEC scale (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in the scores of speech, sociability, and sensory and cognitive awareness and the total score of the ATEC scale after intervention (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the experimental group also had significantly greater improvements in eye contact and sand stereotyped arrangement (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both interactive group sandplay and individual sandplay are effective in the treatment of ASD in preschool children. Interactive group sandplay is better than individual sandplay in the treatment of ASD, with significant improvements in sociability, emotion and stereotypic behavior.

Impacts of Vocal Rehearsal and Retention Duration on Novel Word Naming in Children with Specific Language Impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore impacts of vocal rehearsal and retention duration on novel word naming in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Methods:November to December, 2017, 45 children from kindergartens were selected in SLI group (n = 15), physiological age matching group (n = 15) and language ability matching group (n = 15). A three-factor mixed experimental design was used to investigate the effects of three factors: groups, vocal rehearsal (with/without) and retention duration (ten seconds/five minutes). Results:The main effects of groups (F = 3.706, P < 0.05), vocal rehearsal (F = 25.570, P < 0.001) and retention duration (F = 226.746, P < 0.001) were significant. The interaction effects of vocal rehearsal×retention duration (F = 22.808, P < 0.001) and retention duration×groups (F = 3.739, P < 0.05) were significant. The interaction effects between other factors were not significant. Conclusion:There are novel word naming learning defects in SLI children. However, the vocal rehearsal strategy may promote novel word naming learning and reduce the decline of novel word phonological information in short-term memory, to improve the phenomenon of novel word naming defects.

The application of acoustic pharyngometry in diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common clinical disease that seriously threatens human health and life. Accurate location of the upper airway obstruction is the key to the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS. Acoustic pharyngometry uses sound reflection to quickly assess the cross-sectional area and volume of the upper airway. Acoustic pharyngometry represents a simple, quick, non-invasive method for measuring upper airway dimensions which could predict sleep apnea risk. In this article we sought to introduce the application of acoustic pharyngometry in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS.

Preparation and Application of Porous Layer Open Tubular Capillary Columns with Narrow Bore in Liquid Chromatography / 分析化学

In recent years, micro/nano-scaled separation technique has attracted increasing attention due to its inherent advantages. The porous layer open tubular ( PLOT) capillary column is an important microcolumn form. Comparied to wide-bore PLOT capillary columns ( inner diameter >25 μm ) , the PLOT capillary columns with a narrow inner diameter yield higher separation efficiency and lower reagent consumption. In this paper, the preparation methods for porous layer open tubular capillary columns with narrow inner diameter, less than or equal to 25 μm, are reviewed. Detection techniques combined with mass spectrometry and their applications in liquid chromatography are also disussed.

Nosocomial Infection Surveillance in a Tuberculosis Specialized Hospital in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a critical issue affecting the quality of healthcare. In this study, we performed a retrospective study to explore the incidence rates, mortality rates, and microbial spectrum of NIs in Beijing Chest Hospital, a tuberculosis (TB) specialized hospital in China. Our data demonstrate that the overall incidence rate of inpatients with NIs slightly decreased from 2012 to 2016, which may be associated with the implementation of hand hygiene measures, while the mortality rates associated with NI did not significantly change. In addition, the species distribution of NIs was quite different from that presented in previous reports, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated microorganism.

Changes of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the occurrence and development of diabetic renal injury in rat / 生理学报

This project was designed to investigate the role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the diabetic renal injury by observing the expression of ACE2 in the kidney and the level of angiotensin II (AngII) in the circulatory system and kidney tissue of rats with diabetes. SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetes group. Diabetic nephropathy model was established by i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were sacrificed separately on the 15th or 30th day after STZ injection. Biochemical parameters including blood glucose and renal function were examined. The expression of ACE2 in the kidney was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. The contents of AngII in plasma and kidney were detected by radioimmunoassay. The results are as follows: (1) 48-72 h after STZ injection, the rats showed polyuria, polydipsia and their activity reduced. (2) Blood glucose levels were 4.9-6.5 mmol/L in the control rats, 14.0-17.5 mmol/L in the diabetes group rats on the 15th day, and higher than 24 mmol/L in the diabetes group rats on the 30th day; (3) There was a significant increase of urine glucose level (P < 0.05), and a slight but not significant increase of urine protein level (P > 0.05) in the diabetes group on the 15th day; On the 30th day, the levels of urine glucose and urine protein were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01); (4) Compared with the control group, the expression of ACE2 mRNA was slightly increased (P > 0.05), and the expression of ACE2 protein was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the rats of diabetic model group on the 15th day; however, on the 30th day, ACE2 mRNA expression in the rats of diabetic model group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), and the expression of ACE2 protein was slightly lower than the control group (P = 0.0718). (5) Compared with the control group, the levels of AngII in plasma and kidney of the diabetic rats increased slightly on the 15th day (P > 0.05); while the AngII levels in diabetic model group rats were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in control rats on the 30th day. These results suggest that ACE2 plays a positive role in the protection against the pathogenesis of early renal damage. ACE2 expression is reduced gradually with the deepened degree of diabetic kidney damage, leading to the accumulation of AngII in the kidney, thereby increasing the renal injury.

Genomic characteristics of coxsakievirus A16 isolated in Henan Province / 病毒学报

To reveal the genomic sequence characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) strain isolated from patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Henan province. A total of 406 samples were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cell-culture-based isolation of coxsackievirus A16. The whole genome of CoxA16 isolate was amplified using 10 pairs of primers, the sequences were analyzed and phylogenetic tree was generated by bioinformatics software. The full length of HN1162/HN/CHN/2010 genome was 7411bp. Compared with the other CoxA16 strains released in GenBank, the nucleotide similarities were 87.0-97.9%, 77.0%-95.4%, 80.3%-96.9%, 77.9% 96.2%, 80.5-100% in 5'UTR, P1, P2, P3, 3'UTR region, respectively; The similarities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences in VP1 region were 91.4%-96.4% and 99.3%-99.7%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CoxA16 strains isolated from Henan, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Fujian belonged to the same cluster. The newly isolated CoxA16 from Henan province belonged to subgenotype C2/B-2. These results will have great significance in monitoring CoxA16 and for prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease.

Parathyroid hormone-mitogen-activated protein kinase axis exerts fibrogenic effect of connective tissue growth factor on human renal proximal tubular cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Enhanced and prolonged expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is associated with kidney fibrosis. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is involved in the genesis of disturbed calcium/phosphate metabolism and ostitis fibrosa in renal failure. PTH activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is present in renal tubular cells. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism how the signal is transduced to result in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation, leading to upregulation of CTGF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The levels of CTGF mRNA and protein in human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK-2) treated with PTH in the presence or absence of the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting assay. The activation of the CTGF promoter in HK-2 cells was determined by the dual-luciferase assay. The effects of the protein kinase A (PKA) activator 8-Br-cAMP and protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on MAPK phosphorylation, and the effects of the PKA inhibitor H89 and PKC inhibitor calphostin C on MAPK phosphorylation and CTGF expression were detected by immunoblotting assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PD98059 inhibited the PTH stimulated expression of CTGF, which strongly suggested that the MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in the PTH-induced CTGF upregulation in renal tubular cells. A PKA activator as well as PKC activators induced MAPK phosphorylation, and both PKA and PKC inhibitors antagonized PTH-induced MAPK phosphorylation and CTGF expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTGF expression is upregulated by PTH through a PKC/PKA-ERK-dependent pathway.</p>

Effects of arginine enriched enteral nutrition on nutritional status and cellular immunity in burn patients / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of arginine enriched enteral nutrition (EN) on nutritional status and cellular immunity of severely burned patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Randomized, single blind, parallel and positive control investigation was employed in the study. Thirty severely burned patients were divided into enteral immune nutrition (EIN) group and EN group. Sixteen patients in EIN group received enteral nutrition enriched with arginine, while the other 14 patients in EN group received standard enteral nutrition. Nutritional support was continued for 14 days. Gastrointestinal reaction of patients in 2 groups was observed. Fasting venous blood was drawn from patients of both groups before receiving nutrition treatment and on the morning of 7th, 14th day of treatment. Level of serum protein, hepatic function parameters, renal function parameters, fasting-blood glucose, and subpopulations of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Incidence of gastrointestinal side effect in EIN group (25.0%) was close to that of EN group (21.4% , P > 0.05). (2) Compared with pre-treatment days, levels of prealbumin and transferrin in serum of patients in 2 groups on 7th and 14th post-treatment days were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between 2 groups. The level of total serum protein on 14th day of treatment of patients was significantly increased in both groups, and that of EIN group (66 +/- 7 g/L) was significantly higher compared with that in EN group (64 +/- 11 g/L, P < 0.05). The level of serum albumin (29 +/- 5, 32 +/- 5 g/L, respectively) of patients in EIN group on 7th and 14th day of treatment were significantly higher than that (26 +/- 4 g/L, P < 0.05) in pre-treatment days, however there was no significant difference in EN group. (3) There was no significant difference in respect of hepatic function, renal function, and fasting-blood glucose between pre-treatment and post-treatment periods in both groups (P > 0.05). (4) The ratio of CD4(+), CD8(+) on 14th day of treatment in EIN group was close to that of pretreatment level. In EN group, cell percentage of CD4(+) significantly decreased, while that of CD8(+) significantly increased (P < 0.05), and CD4(+) was significantly higher [(56 +/- 8)%] in EIN group than that in EN group [(55 +/- 12)%, P < 0.05]. In both groups, cell percentage of CD3(+) was significantly higher than that in pre-treatment days (P < 0.05), while there was no obvious change in CD4(+)/CD8(+).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Arginine enriched enteral nutrition can effectively improve nutritional status and cellular immune function of burn patients.</p>

Expression of heparanase on the squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and its clinical significance / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship among expression of heparanase (HPSE), the clinical and pathologic characteristics of squamous carcinoma on head and neck and the patients' prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two cases of postoperative tumor specimens were verified by immunohistochemistry S-P method and computer-assisted image analysis method was used.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of HPSE in normal epithelium mucosae of head and neck was negative or very weak; in tumor tissue was positive, mainly in cytoplasm and the positive rate was 69.3%. The expression of HPSE hadn't significant difference with the age of patients and pathologic grades of tumors (chi2 = 0.05, chi2 = 3.84, P > 0.05), but had it with clinical stages and metastatic lymph node lesions (chi2 = 3.96, chi2 = 8.06, P < 0.05). The relationship between expression of HPSE in primary tumors and that in metastatic lymph node lesions showed significantly positive correlation (r = 0.9162, P = 0.001). Both HPSE and TNM clinical stage of tumor had significant correlation with the prognosis of patients respectively (P < 0.05). Calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, the accumulative survival rate of 3 years in positive HPSE expression group (25.9%) was much lower than that in negative group (72.7%), there was a significant difference between them by Log-Rank test (chi2 = 11.607, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of HPSE is significantly increased in squamous carcinomas of head and neck, mainly expressed in cytoplasm. The expression of HPSE has a close relationship with clinical stages and lymph node metastasis of squamous carcinoma on head and neck. The higher the clinical stage, the more manifest the expression of HPSE. The expression of HPSE and TNM clinical stage of tumor are independent factors affecting prognosis.</p>

Protective effects of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid preconditioning and postconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 生理学报

To explore the effects of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) preconditioning and postconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats, the IR injury model was built by stopping perfusion for 40 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min, and the changes of mitochondrial functions, myocardial metabolism and function were measured. Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were divided into 4 groups: control group, persistently perfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) fluid for 100 min; IR group, stopped perfusion for 40 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min; Pre-EET group, preconditioned with 6.24×10(-9) mol/L 11,12-EET for 5 min twice before subjected to ischemia; Post-EET group, postconditioned with 6.24×10(-9) mol/L 11,12-EET for 30 s twice before reperfusion. The computer-based electrophysiological recording system was used to measure the changes of maximal rate of the pressure increase in contract phase (+dp/dt(max)), maximal rate of the pressure decrease in diastole phase of heart (-dp/dt(max)), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and difference of left ventricular pressure (DLVP). The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in effluent, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in mitochondria were measured with colorimetry method; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured with hydroxylamine method and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in myocardial tissues was measured with TBA method. The results showed that: (1) Compared with that in the control group, the myocardial functions, the values of SOD, SDH and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were decreased in IR group (P<0.05); the values of LDH, MDA and Ca(2+)-ATPase were increased (P<0.05) in IR group. (2) Compared with that in IR group, the values of SDH and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were increased (P<0.05) and the value of Ca(2+)-ATPase was decreased (P<0.05) in both Pre-EET and Post-EET groups. But no significant differences were detected between Pre-EET and Post-EET groups. (3) Compared with IR treatment, both 11,12-EET preconditioning and postconditioning caused significant decreases in MDA content and leakage of LDH, amendment of heart functions and increases in SOD activity (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between 11,12-EET preconditioning and postconditioning. These results indicate that 11,12-EET preconditioning and postconditioning can protect myocardium from IR injury by improving mitochondrial functions, up-regulating the activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and SDH, and down-regulating the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in mitochondria. Moreover, 11,12-EET preconditioning and postconditioning also elevate the activity of SOD and reduce the content of MDA, suggesting that 11,12-EET can depress the oxidative stress in IR rat heart.

Effects of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid preconditioning and postconditioning on Ca(2+)- handling proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) preconditioning and postconditioning on Ca(2+)-handling proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and reveal the effects and mechanism of 11, 12-EET on cardioprotection. METHODS The IR injury model was built by stopping perfusion for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion for 30 minutes. The isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were divided into 4 groups: control group, IR group, EET preconditioning (Pre-EET) group and EET postconditioning (Post-EET) group. The computer-based electrophysiological recorder system was used to measure the changes of the maximal rate of pressure increased in the contraction phase (+dp/dt(max)), the maximal rate of pressure decreased in the diastole phase (-dp/dt(max)), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the difference of left ventricular pressure (delta LVP). The activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum was measured with colorimetric method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the gene expression of C(a2+)-handling protein [sarcoplasic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), phospholamban (PLB), ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR,), and 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate inositol receptor type 2 (IP3 R2) ] mRNAs level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with IR group, the myocardial functions, the value of Ca(2+)-ATPase, and the expressions of IP3 R2 mRNA were significantly increased and the expression of PLB mRNA was significantly decreased in both Pre-EET group and Post-EET group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). And the expression of SERCA mRNA was significantly increased in Pre-EET group (P < 0. 05). However, no significant differences were detected between Pre-EET and Post-EET groups. Moreover, the expression of RyR2 mRNA was not significantly different among all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>11, 12-EET preconditioning and post-conditioning can protect myocardium from IR injury by elevating the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum, up-regulating the expression of IP3 R2 mRNA, and down-regulating the expression of PLB mRNA. Moreover, up-regulating the expression of SERCA mRNA maybe one of mechanisms of 11, 12-EET preconditioning on cardio protection against IR injury.</p>